Smelted iron is the main component of steel, used in construction, vehicles, furniture, plumbing, computers, energy infrastructure and weapons - including the shells being forged in the United States for use in artillery across Ukraine. Steel is the most commonly used metal in the world, with nearly two billion tons manufactured globally each year. Like Zaporizhstal, both plants are run by Metinvest, Ukraine’s largest private company, controlled by the country’s richest man, Rinat Akhmetov. Before the invasion, they were Ukraine’s two largest metallurgical plants, accounting for 41 percent of steel production. During the siege of Mariupol, Ukrainian forces held out under a withering Russian assault for weeks inside the warren of tunnels and nuclear bunkers at Azovstal Iron and Steel Works, turning the battle into a symbol of Ukraine’s fighting spirit.ĭestroyed by Russian bombardment, Azovstal and Illich Steel, another Mariupol plant, are now behind enemy lines. But this war has forged Ukraine’s steel plants into legend. Only two of Zaporizhstal’s four blast furnaces have since resumed operation, reflecting its diminished output since Russia’s invasion. But Moscow’s forces do occupy some southern parts of the Zaporizhzhia region. The Russians never made it to Zaporizhzhia Ukrainian forces blocked them from taking the city. Now, it’s the Russians who have seized plants in the Donbas region, and, when they came for Zaporizhzhia in February 2022, the Zaporizhstal plant shut down for a month for the first time since the Nazi occupation. During World War II, Hitler briefly occupied parts of the prized iron and steel regions, but his forces were ousted by the Soviet Army. Invaders have always coveted Ukraine’s industrial heartlands. The factories have made body armor, helmets, armored plates for vehicles, hedgehogs - spiky X-shaped street barricades - and steelworkers risked their lives rolling out heavy machinery at the beginning of the war to build fortifications to physically block the Russian advance. The iron- and steel-producing regions of southern and central Ukraine have long been an economic engine for the country, but Russia’s invasion has battered the industry and forced it onto a war footing. Sparks dance as caldrons of glowing pig iron are then poured into casts to make brick-size ingots in one of the many stages of iron and steel production at this plant in the Ukrainian city of Zaporizhzhia, where Zaporizhstal’s smokestacks dominate the skyline. Lava-like liquid oozes from the base of the furnace as soot-coated men in hooded reflective suits, thick gloves and protective visors steer the candescent flow with ladles the length of spears. Subscribe to better prices when you shop with The New York Times Online Store online coupons.Inside the gloom of the vast Zaporizhstal steel plant, a towering blast furnace wheezes like a giant black lung, inhaling chunks of iron ore, coal and limestone, blending them at temperatures reaching several thousand degrees with oxygen-enriched air, and then exhaling vapor and molten metal. Your favorite paper doesn’t have to end when you recycle the newspaper thanks to The New York Times Online Store.
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